Loeffler's methylene blue is a simple staining technique that uses a cationic dye to stain cells blue, and is used to differentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal infections:
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The positively charged dye is attracted to negatively charged particles in the cell, such as polyphosphates, DNAs, and RNAs.
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Smear a specimen onto a microscope slide, flood the slide with the stain, cover with a glass cover slip, and examine under a microscope.
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It can be used to determine bacterial morphology, presumptively identify Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and aid in interpreting the Quellung test.
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Loeffler's methylene blue is a flammable liquid that can cause mild skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.